Ultimate Guide to Grow and Care for Hydrangeas for Beginners

Hydrangeas are stunning flowering plants that add a touch of old-fashioned elegance to any garden. If you’re a beginner gardener who wants to grow hydrangeas in your own garden, this ultimate guide will provide you with all the necessary information you need to successfully grow and care for hydrangeas.

With their vibrant flowerheads and long-lasting summer blooms, hydrangeas have become a popular choice among garden enthusiasts. Not only will you enjoy how they look in your garden, but they make the most wonderful cut flowers.

grow and care for hydrangeas: purple hydrangeas

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hydrangeas growing along the cottage garden path

What Are Hydrangeas?

Hydrangeas are deciduous shrubs or climbers that belong to the Hydrangeaceae family. They are native to Asia and the Americas, and their most stunning feature is their large, showy flower clusters, which come in a variety of colors, including shades of pink, blue, white, and even deep purple.

While some hydrangeas prefer full sun, others thrive in partial shade, making them adaptable to various garden settings.

With their beautiful blooms, relatively low maintenance requirements, and ability to thrive in different climates, hydrangeas are an excellent choice for both beginner and experienced gardeners.

Types of Hydrangeas

There are several types of hydrangeas, each with its unique characteristics. The following are the most common varieties.

Bigleaf Hydrangeas (Hydrangea Macrophylla)

Known for their large, rounded flower heads, bigleaf hydrangeas are divided into two main types based on their flower forms: mophead hydrangeas and lace cap hydrangeas.

The Endless Summer® series of hydrangeas are a popular variety known for their ability to bloom on both old and new wood, extending the blooming season.

Panicle Hydrangeas (Hydrangea Paniculata)

The group of hydrangeas known for their cone-shaped flower clusters is Panicle hydrangeas.

Limelight hydrangeas are in this category and are known for their gorgeous lime-green flowers that turn to creamy white and last through early fall.

Vanilla Strawberry hydrangeas produce large flower heads that start creamy white, transitioning to blush pink, and finally to rich strawberry-red tones.

Smooth Hydrangeas (Hydrangea Arborescens)

Generally known for their reliable blooming, smooth hydrangeas are a wonderful addition to any garden. They adapt well to different climates and tolerate a range of soil conditions.

Annabelle hydrangea is one of the most popular smooth hydrangea varieties. It features large, rounded flower clusters with numerous small white or greenish-white flowers.

Oakleaf Hydrangeas (Hydrangea Quercicolia)

A beautiful group of hydrangeas known for their unique foliage resembling the shape of oak leaves is called Oakleaf hydrangeas. They are native to the southeastern United States and grow coned-shaped flower clusters.

A popular oakleaf variety is Snow Queen with elongated flower clusters that start off white and gradually age to a soft pink. The foliage turns a rich burgundy color in the fall adding even more interest to this plant.

Climbing Hydrangeas (Hydrangea Anomala subsp. petiolaris)

This beautiful and unique type of hydrangea is known for its ability to cling and climb on vertical surfaces such as walls, fences, and trellises.

Are Hydrangeas Annual or Perennial?

Hydrangeas are perennial plants, which means they can live for many years with proper care and maintenance.

Unlike annual plants that complete their life cycle within a year, hydrangeas have the potential to grow and bloom year after year, making them a valuable addition to your garden.

Grow and Care for Hydrangeas: fuchsia hydrangeas

What Do You Need for Growing Hydrangeas?

To successfully grow hydrangeas, you will need the following essentials:

Gardening Tools and Supplies

Hydrangea plants or cuttings
Well-drained soil with organic matter
Adequate sunlight or shade, depending on the variety
Watering equipment
Mulch
Fertilizer formulated for hydrangeas
Pruning tools

How Big Do Hydrangeas Get?

The size of hydrangeas varies depending on the variety. Some varieties reach a height of about two to 3 feet, while others can grow up to six feet or more.

It’s important to choose the right hydrangea variety that suits the available space in your garden.

Do Hydrangeas Like Sun or Shade?

The sun and shade requirements of hydrangeas depend on the specific type. While some hydrangeas thrive in full sun, others prefer partial shade. It’s essential to choose the appropriate location for your hydrangeas based on their sunlight needs for optimal growth and blooming.

purple and pink hydrangeas growing along the garden bench

How to Plant Hydrangeas Outside

Before planting hydrangeas, preparing the soil and choosing the right planting location is essential. Here’s a step-by-step guide for planting hydrangeas outside.

Preparing for Planting

Select a planting area with well-drained soil and adequate sunlight or shade.
Test the soil pH and amend it if necessary, aiming for a slightly acidic soil to a neutral pH level.
Dig a hole that is twice as wide and deep as the plant’s root ball.

Best Place to Plant Hydrangeas

Ensure the planting area provides the appropriate amount of sunlight or shade based on the specific type of hydrangea.
Consider factors such as soil quality, drainage, and proximity to other plants.

Planting Hydrangeas in the Ground

Place the hydrangea plant in the hole, ensuring it sits at the same depth as it was in its nursery container.
Backfill the hole with soil, gently firming it around the plant’s roots.
Water thoroughly to settle the soil and remove any air pockets.

Planting Hydrangeas in Pots

Choose a container with drainage holes that is large enough to accommodate the plant’s root ball.
Fill the pot with a well-draining potting mix, leaving enough soil space for the plant.
Gently remove the hydrangea from its nursery container, loosen the roots, and place it in the pot.
Fill any gaps with additional potting mix, ensuring the plant is at the same depth as before.
Water the plant thoroughly, allowing any excess water to drain away.

What Time of Year Do You Plant Hydrangeas?

The best time to plant hydrangeas depends on the climate and the specific variety you’re growing. Here’s a breakdown of the ideal times to plant hydrangeas.

Planting Hydrangeas in Spring

Early spring is generally a good time for planting hydrangeas, allowing them to establish their root systems before the hot summer months. This is the best time to plant new hydrangeas and transplant existing ones.

Planting Hydrangeas in Summer

If you live in an area with milder summers, planting hydrangeas during early summer can still be successful. Make sure they receive sufficient water and provide some afternoon shade to protect them from excessive heat.

Planting Hydrangeas in Fall

Fall is an excellent time to plant hydrangeas, especially in areas with mild climates. The cooler temperatures and increased rainfall during the season will help the roots establish before winter.

Planting Hydrangeas in Winter

It’s generally not recommended to plant hydrangeas in winter, especially in regions with freezing temperatures. It’s best to wait until spring when the conditions are more favorable.

Hydrangeas Care and Maintenance

Now you’ve planted your hydrangeas, it’s time to learn more about how to grow and care for them properly. Here are some key aspects to consider.

Understanding Soil pH and Color of the Blooms

The color of hydrangeas blooms can be influenced by soil pH. Acidic soil tends to produce blue flowers, while alkaline soil produces pink flowers. Adjusting the soil pH can change the color. Conduct a soil test and amend the soil accordingly to achieve the bloom color you want.

Sun and Shade Requirements

Hydrangeas have varying sun and shade preferences. While some varieties thrive in full sun, others prefer partial shade. Be aware of the specific sunlight requirements of your hydrangea type and choose an appropriate planting location.

grow and care for hydrangeas: shades of blue and purple

Mulching and Moisture

Apply a layer of organic mulch around the base of hydrangea plants to help conserve moisture, suppress weed growth, and maintain consistent soil temperature.

Hydrangeas prefer well-drained soil that retains moisture but doesn’t become waterlogged.

Pruning Dead Wood

Regular pruning is essential for hydrangeas, especially to remove dead or damaged wood. Dead wood can be pruned at any time of the year while shaping and rejuvenation pruning are typically done in early spring before new growth emerges.

Preventing Fungal Diseases

Proper care and maintenance can help prevent common fungal diseases that affect hydrangeas. Ensure good air circulation around the plants, avoid overhead watering, and remove any infected or fallen leaves promptly.

How Often to Water Hydrangeas

Hydrangeas need regular watering, especially during the growing season. Water deeply, ensuring the soil remains consistently moist but not waterlogged.

Mulching around the base of the plant helps retain moisture and suppress weed growth.

Hydrangea Care Tips In Each Season

Hydrangea Maintenance Spring and Summer

Monitor soil moisture and water if needed. Apply a balanced fertilizer formulated for hydrangeas in early spring. Prune selectively, removing any dead or damaged wood.

Hydrangea Maintenance Fall

Continue watering if needed. Apply a layer of mulch around the base of the plant to protect the roots during winter. Late fall is also a good time to clean up any dead wood or debris.

Hydrangea Maintenance Winter

In regions with freezing temperatures, protect the hydrangeas by covering them with burlap or providing a protective barrier against frost.

Avoid pruning during this time, as it can stimulate new growth that may be susceptible to winter damage.

Preserving the Beauty of Hydrangea Blooms

Harvesting Hydrangeas

Here are some tips when harvesting your hydrangea blooms.

Harvest hydrangea blooms in late summer or early fall when the flower buds are fully open and at their peak.
Cut the stems at an angle, leaving a few inches of stem below the flower head.
Remove any excess leaves from the stems.
Place the hydrangea flowers in a bucket or vase filled with water immediately to keep them fresh.

Drying Hydrangeas

Drying hydrangeas is a perfect way to preserve the blooms in your home well through the autumn season.

Select hydrangea blooms that are fully open and have reached their peak.
Cut the stems or remove excess leaves.
Choose your favorite method of drying flowers. You can see the 3 Easy Ways to Dry Hydrangeas blog post I wrote to find out more.

Other Tips for Growing and Caring for Hydrangeas

Here are a few additional tips to help you grow and care for hydrangeas.

When Should Hydrangeas Be Cut Back?

Hydrangeas should be cut back at specific times depending on their blooming habits and the type of hydrangea you’re growing. Here are general guidelines for when to cut back hydrangeas.

Hydrangeas that bloom on old wood: These hydrangeas produce flower buds on the previous year’s growth. They should be pruned immediately after they finish blooming, typically in the late summer or early fall.
Hydrangeas that bloom on new wood: These hydrangeas develop flower buds on the current season’s growth. They can be pruned in late winter or early spring before new growth emerges.

It’s important to note that some hydrangeas, such as the Endless Summer hydrangeas, can bloom on both old and new wood. With these varieties, you can choose to prune them immediately after they finish blooming or wait until late winter or early spring for a rejuvenation prune.

When pruning hydrangeas, remove dead or damaged wood, thin out overcrowded branches, and shape the plant. Be careful not to remove too much healthy wood, as it may affect the plant’s blooming potential.

Always refer to the specific care instructions for the type of hydrangea you have, as different varieties may have specific pruning requirements. Following the blooming pattern and timing your pruning accordingly will help ensure that your hydrangeas produce abundant and beautiful blooms each year.

Should you Deadhead Hydrangeas?

Deadheading hydrangeas is not necessary for all varieties, but it can be beneficial for some. The term deadheading refers to the removal of faded or spent flowers from plants. Here are some tips on whether you should deadhead your hydrangeas or not.

Hydrangeas that Bloom on Old Wood

If you have hydrangeas that bloom on old wood, such as the big leaf or mop head hydrangea, deadheading is generally not recommended.

These varieties produce flower buds on the previous year’s growth, and leaving the faded flowers on the plant can provide some winter protection for the developing buds.

You can choose to remove the dead flowers for aesthetic purposes, but it’s not necessary for the health or blooming of the plant

Hydrangeas that Bloom on New Wood

If you grow hydrangeas that bloom on new wood, such as panicle or smooth hydrangeas, deadheading can encourage further blooming.

Removing the faded flowers can redirect the plant’s energy toward producing new growth and flowers. However, if you enjoy the dried flower heads for winter interest, you can leave them on the plant until spring before pruning.

Endless Summer Hydrangeas

The popular variety, Endless Summer hydrangea, which blooms on both old and new wood, can be deadheaded selectively.

Remove the faded flowers once they start to fade, but avoid cutting back any stems that have not flowered yet, as they may produce blooms later in the season or the following year.

Do I Need to Winterize Hydrangeas?

Winterizing hydrangeas is important, especially in regions with colder climates where temperatures drop below freezing. Proper winterization helps protect the plants from harsh conditions and ensures their survival. Here are some ideas on how to winterize hydrangeas.

Mulching: Apply a 2-4 inch layer of organic matter around the base of the hydrangea plants in late fall before the ground freezes. This will help insulate the roots and soil and provide protection against extreme temperature fluctuations. Use materials like shredded leaves, straw, or wood chips.
Watering: Hydrangeas benefit from consistent soil moisture, even during the winter months. Before the ground freezes, give your hydrangeas a deep watering to ensure they are well hydrated.
Pruning: In regions with hydrangeas that bloom on old wood, it’s best to avoid heavy pruning in the late fall or winter. Prune these types immediately after they finish blooming in late summer or early fall to avoid removing next year’s flower buds. For hydrangeas that bloom on new wood, pruning can be done in late winter or early spring before new growth emerges.
Protective barriers: In areas with severe winter conditions, you can provide additional protection to hydrangeas by creating protective barriers. One option is to use stakes or a frame to create a barrier around the plants. Fill the space with insulating materials like burlap or frost blankets to shield the plant from cold winds.
Avoid late-season fertilization: Late-season fertilizers can stimulate new growth that is susceptible to winter damage. Instead, focus on providing proper care throughout the growing season and fertilize hydrangeas in early spring as new growth begins.

grow and care for hydrangeas: blue shades

What is the Best Fertilizer for Hydrangeas?

When selecting a fertilizer for hydrangeas, it’s important to consider the soil pH and the specific needs of the hydrangea variety you’re growing. Here are some options to consider.

Balanced Fertilizer: This type provides a well-rounded nutrient balance to support overall plant health and development. Look for fertilizers labeled with an N-P-K ratio of 10-10-10- or 14-14-14.
Slow-Release Fertilizer: This gradually releases nutrients over an extended period, providing a steady supply of nutrients to the plant. This reduces the risk of over-fertilization.
Specific Formulations: Specifically formulated for acid-loving plants, including hydrangeas. They help lower the soil pH. These fertilizers typically contain sulfur or other acidifying agents.
Organic Fertilizer: Derived from natural sources such as compost, manure, or fish emulsion. They enrich the soil with organic matter, improve soil structure, and provide a slow release of nutrients.

It’s always beneficial to conduct a soil test to determine the nutrient needs and pH level of your specific soil. This will help guide you in selecting the most appropriate fertilizer and making any necessary soil amendments for optimal hydrangea growth.

What is the Lifespan of a Hydrangea Plant?

The lifespan of garden hydrangeas can vary depending on several factors, including the specific variety, growing conditions, and care provided.

Hydrangeas are perennial plants, meaning they can live for several years or even decades. Some Bigleaf or Mophead hydrangeas have an average lifespan of 10-20 years with proper care.

Proper watering, fertilizing, pruning, and protection from pests and diseases are all crucial for the long-term health and lifespan of hydrangeas.

The climate and hardiness zone where hydrangeas are grown can also impact their lifespan. Ensuring that the variety you choose is well-suited to your specific climate is important for the plant’s longevity.

Why is My Hydrangea Wilting?

Hydrangeas can wilt for several reasons, and understanding the underlying causes is important for addressing and resolving the issue. Here are some common reasons why hydrangeas may wilt.

Lack of Water: Hydrangeas require consistent moisture to thrive.
Over-Watering: Waterlogged soil can suffocate roots and lead to root rot. Test the soil moisture before watering and adjust accordingly.
Heat Stress: Hydrangeas are sensitive to high temperatures and can experience heat stress, especially if they are exposed to intense sunlight for extended periods without shade or protection.
Transplant Shock: The plants may temporarily wilt as they adjust to their new environment. Watering and providing shade can help the plant recover from the shock and regain its vitality.
Pest or Disease infestation: Certain pests, such as aphids or spider mites can infest hydrangeas and lead to wilting.
Improper Pruning: Excessive or untimely pruning can stress hydrangeas and cause them to wilt.
Nutrient Deficiencies: Deficiencies in hydrangeas, particularly nitrogen, can impact the overall health of the plant and contribute to wilting.
Extreme Cold: In regions with cold winters, hydrangeas can experience winter damage and wilting due to frost or freezing temperatures.

By following these tips and guidelines, you’ll be well on your way to successfully growing and caring for hydrangeas. With their stunning flowers and versatility in the garden, hydrangeas are sure to bring beauty to your outdoor space.

If you have any questions or additional suggestions, please share them in the comments below. And be sure to share this blog post link with anyone who may find these gardening tips useful.

Until next time,

Happy Gardening!

I’m a self-taught hobby gardener. Everything I share on my blog is my opinion and what has worked for me.

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2 Comments

Betty says:

07/25/2023 at 11:17 am

what causes the blossoms to turn brown and dry in the middle of summer. I have several varieties of mope heads in large pots and the leaves are turning yellow. I water 3 or 4 times per week and I fertilized with rose fertilizer. they were all picture perfect at the beginning of summer but now seems to be drying up.

Kim says:

07/09/2023 at 10:37 am

Well, this is so helpful! I purchased two Annebelle hydrangeas and one Nantucket Blue, just this week! Your gardens are always so beautiful and I’m hopefully that my hydrangeas will do well thanks to your tips! Have a blessed week, my friend!